Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Palmitoleate, a proposed adipose tissue (AT)-derived lipokine, has been suggested to contribute to glucose homeostasis. However, data relating to the association between circulating palmitoleate and markers of insulin sensitivity in humans are equivocal. Recently, AT-derived fatty acid-hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) have also been suggested to play a role in glucose homeostasis by increasing glucose uptake in AT. Again, data is conflicting for the association betwe...

Introduction: Excessive consumption of free sugars (glucose and fructose) is linked to an increased risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases. Current knowledge of fructose metabolism has focussed on the liver where it is implicated in impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia. The long-term effects of elevated fructose consumption on human health are poorly defined and fructose metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the largest human f...

Fat distribution influences metabolic risk. Accumulation of fat in the upper body increases metabolic risk, while lower body adipose expansion is protective. Oestrogen promotes lower body adiposity; transgender women on oestrogen therapy show increases in gluteal adipose, while transition to the menopause is associated with a shift in fat distribution towards the upper body, concurrent with changes in metabolic risk. Still, mechanisms governing the depot-specific effects of oe...